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The ''cumul des mandats'' (literally: "accumulation of mandates") is the French equivalent of the dual mandate in other countries. It is a political practice particularly common in France, in comparison to other Western countries.〔At the time Pierre Mauroy was prime minister (1981–84), he kept his job as mayor of Lille, one of France's largest cities, without anyone objecting. France has had legions of députés-maires, sénateurs-maires and ministres-maires.〕 It consists of simultaneously holding two or more ''elective'' offices at different levels of government — local, regional, national and European — as mayors, MPs, senators, Members of the European Parliament, and President of the General Council in their home regions. Sometimes, officials hold as many as four positions. While officials may not be elected to more than one office at the same level (such as being both an MP and a senator), they may hold offices in any combination at the municipal, departmental, regional, national and European levels. The ''cumul des mandats'' is controversial in France, being accused of fostering absenteeism and cronyism. ==Conditions regarding multiple mandates in France== *The President of the Republic cannot hold any other office during their tenure. Multiple mandates at the legislative level Parliamentary mandates are incompatible with each other: *Member of the National Assembly of France *Member of the Senate of France *Member of the European Parliament A member from one of the above assemblies can not combine its mandate with ''more'' than one of the following mandates : *Member, vice-president or president of a General Council *Member, vice-president or president of a Regional Council *Councillor, deputy-mayor, or mayor of a commune of more than 3,500 inhabitants *Councillor of Paris (The "Council of Paris" is at the same level a municipal council and a general council, because Paris has a special status, Municipality and Département at the same level) *Councillor in the Corsican Assembly (Corse has a regional special status) Exceptions: They can hold a third office in a town of less than 3,500 inhabitants. They may also hold a third office as a councillor, vice-president or president of an Urban community, an Agglomeration community or a ''Communauté de communes'', as these terms are elected by indirect universal suffrage, by municipal councils from among the councillors. For example, a member of the National Assembly has the right to be general/regional councillor or President of a regional/general council. They cannot hold a third office unless they is the mayor, deputy mayor or municipal councillor of a city of less than 3,500 inhabitants. Currently, 87% of members of the National Assembly and 74% of senators have one or several local mandates. The accumulation of local mandates They cannot have more than two local mandates. The following mandates are incompatible each other: *Mayor *President of the General Council *President of the Regional Council For example, an elected official cannot be mayor and President of the Regional Council. However, all other local mandates are cumulative. A mayor can also be a general councillor and a president of a Regional Council can also be deputy-mayor of a city. Exceptions are the same as those for parliamentarians (Cities of less than 3,500 inhabitants and the intercommunalities) The accumulation of mandates and governmental functions A member of the French government cannot be a member of any assembly. However, he may retain any local mandate he or she holds. A cabinet minister can exercise a maximum of two local mandates in addition to his or her government function. For example, the Prime Minister, a Minister or Secretary of State can be mayor, or President of a general, regional or intercommunal council or sit in one of these assemblies. Currently, over two-thirds of the members of the French government are engaged in one or two more local mandates. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cumul des mandats」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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